Britain’s largest ancient massacre may have included cannibalism

A 4,000-year-old homicide thriller started with a bloodbath in what’s now southwestern England. Then got here dismemberment, presumably accompanied by cannibalism.

At the least 37 males, ladies and kids suffered this violent destiny, ending up dumped right into a 15-meter-deep pure shaft by unknown attackers, say archaeologist Rick Schulting of the College of Oxford and colleagues. The perpetrators additionally threw butchered parts of cattle and other domestic and wild animals into the shaft, the researchers report December 16 in Antiquity.

Motives for the grotesque Early Bronze Age occasion stay murky. No weapons or some other attainable clues to attackers’ identification have turned up.

In Britain, the Early Bronze Age ran from about 2200 B.C. to 1500 B.C. “There was no [previous] indication of violence on this scale in Britain at the moment, each concerning the variety of victims and the way in which through which they have been handled after loss of life,” Schulting says.

Researchers have found a number of different historical human bloodbath websites in continental Europe, ranging in age from round 1,500 years outdated, following the Bronze Age, to roughly 7,000 years outdated, previous the Bronze Age (SN: 10/6/20; SN: 12/3/09).

Schulting’s workforce analyzed greater than 3,000 human bones and bone fragments excavated within the Nineteen Seventies and Nineteen Eighties at a British web site known as Charterhouse Warren. Radiocarbon dates point out that human and nonhuman stays have been deposited in a single occasion between round 4,200 and 4,000 years in the past, the scientists say.

Weight loss plan-related chemical substances within the bones counsel that the majority victims grew up close to Charterhouse Warren.

Almost half of 20 recovered skulls displayed deadly wounds brought on by being struck with weapons resembling wood golf equipment. Victims confirmed no skeletal indicators of a struggle, suggesting that they might have been taken as captives earlier than the assault or killed throughout a shock raid.

A cycle of escalating revenge killings between close by communities might need created sufficient antagonism to set off the traditional British bloodbath, Schulting speculates. Revenge killings have accounted for prime murder charges in some trendy hunter-gatherer societies (SN: 7/18/13).

Indicators of attainable cannibalism at Charterhouse Warren include software incisions on leg bones the place flesh was eliminated, fractures on the ends of lengthy bones linked to marrow removing and human chew marks on foot and hand bones and ribs.

Attackers on the British web site partly consumed victims earlier than depositing their stays with butchered cattle, maybe to dehumanize their enemies, the researchers suspect.

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